Rebooting construction with AI and robotics

Construction has a productivity problem. Unlike manufacturing, where automation has tripled output through standardised production, construction remains slow and inefficient. Some prefabrication companies have tried to solve this problem by applying mass-production principles but their reliance on legacy automation limits them to repetitive tasks that produce identical, regular-shaped units. Yet most urban projects must adapt to countless variations in design, plot shape, permits, and accessibility—making standardisation impractical and legacy automation ineffective for real-world development.

To solve this problem, All3 has developed a radical new approach that applies the efficiency of automated production to fully custom buildings. By integrating advanced AI and robotics throughout the development process, All3's technology removes the cost and complexity traditionally associated with bespoke architecture to ensure each structure is optimised for site-specific conditions. This enables high-quality, diverse architecture to be built at the cost of standardised mass production, unlocking new development opportunities and maximising urban space potential.

AI-powered architecture

At the core of All3’s process is our AI-driven architecture platform, transforming how projects are designed, optimised, and prepared for fabrication. Whether starting from a site address alone or an existing design, our system identifies regulatory requirements, height permissions, and site constraints to generate a turnkey solution tailored to each project.

With full design flexibility, users can create a scheme from scratch using AI-powered tools or import detailed DWG models, files, and permits. Once finalised, the platform seamlessly prepares the project for robotic fabrication and accelerated assembly, ensuring efficiency at every stage.

By automating design, compliance, and iteration, architects and developers gain real-time visibility into how decisions impact performance, cost, and feasibility—leading to faster, more informed, data-driven choices. AI agents and a structured data layer optimise every design for materials, prefabrication, and compliance, while seamlessly connecting all project stakeholders. Replacing the traditional 9-month architectural process, this workflow enables faster iteration, greater accuracy, and lower costs.

Core technologies driving All3’s AI

AI agents: Autonomously orchestrate design, optimisation, and evaluation to maximise efficiency in every project. Specialising in domain-specific modelling, these specialised executors optimise material use, structural feasibility, and prefabrication compatibility in real time.

Types of AI agents: Modelling agents – Execute specific design tasks using genetic algorithms and parametric optimisation to refine layouts and structural components. Scoring Agents – Evaluate design alternatives against local regulations, structural constraints, potential collisions and prefabrication feasibility to ensure compliance and efficiency.

Data layer: Provides a parametric representation of design elements, embedding manufacturing and assembly constraints directly into the design process. Managed by AI agents, it ensures that every decision aligns with fabrication efficiencies, structural integrity, and seamless assembly.

Real-time manufacturing software

All3’s proprietary real-time fabrication execution software drives production by orchestrating the transition from digital design to physical components. The process allows us to produce highly customised components at the cost and speed of mass production.

Dynamic programme generation: automatically converts each element from the bill of materials into a fabrication-ready production plan, generating precise equipment instructions for seamless execution.

Adaptive robotics: unlike rigid, hardware-driven prefab systems, our approach adds a proprietary software intelligence layer, enabling robots to fabricate complex, unique designs.

End-to-end automation: manages every stage of production, from efficient raw material processing to the fabrication of integrated elements ready for assembly.

Robot-powered production

All3’s advanced robotics bring unmatched precision, speed and scalability to construction. Our modular, robot-powered production cells operate as flexible, high-efficiency fabrication units, seamlessly adapting to unique designs without manual intervention. With laser-guided tracking and fully autonomous operation, components are fabricated to exact specifications, ensuring seamless on-site assembly.  

Zero manual intervention: controlled by proprietary software, robots execute scanning, milling, mounting, and hybridisation autonomously, eliminating human error and adapting dynamically to each component’s requirements. This ensures consistent quality and removes the need for manual oversight.

High precision: laser-guided tracking enables 0.2mm accuracy, ensuring seamless integration and perfectly aligned assembly. This precision reduces waste, cost, and construction time while guaranteeing structural reliability.

Flexible fabrication: modular production cells seamlessly switch between element designs, maintaining high productivity while delivering unique components at no extra cost.

The microprocessor of manufacturing

All3 is redefining manufacturing with agile, software-driven factories that challenge the outdated belief that bigger is better. Industries are moving from high-volume, standardised production to bespoke, on-demand manufacturing. Efficiency now depends on flexibility, speed and scalability—not size.

Unlike traditional prefab factories that require years and $350M+ in investment, All3’s modular production cells scale incrementally, reducing risk and ensuring just-in-time expansion. Our robot-powered production ‘cells’ operate like microprocessors in computing. Rapidly deployable, cost-effective and optimised for real-time adaptability, this cell-based approach marks a new era in flexible manufacturing infrastructure.

With 95% of operations automated, a single 10,000 sqm All3 facility, operated by just 20 employees,  can fabricate up to 140,000 sqm of property per year.

Fast to become operational: an All3 production unit can be fully operational within six months, compared to years for a conventional facility.

Scalable modular approach: just 15 robotic production cells form a self-sufficient unit capable of managing all operations. This is the optimal number to enable us to scale effortlessly with demand without compromising efficiency or carrying a burden of centralised infrastructure.

Smaller, more efficient: establishing an All3 factory to serve a city the size of Berlin would  require 10,000 sqm and cost $25M CapEx—versus 100,000 sqm and $350M for a traditional prefab factory.

Plug & play components

All3’s rapid on-site assembly is powered by our proprietary range of plug-and-play positioners and connectors, designed for instant alignment and secure locking of structural elements. Precision-engineered for instant alignment, these components eliminate manual adjustments, cutting assembly time for a typical element from 30 minutes to under a minute. Each element is pre-fabricated with its required components, such as integrated positioners, engineered joints and pre-installed MEP systems, enabling the completion of a seven-story, 5,000 m² building in just three months.

Designed and fabricated in-house to meet EN Eurocode standards, All3’s positioners require no additional certification for approval. Patents for our positioning system have been filed in the US, EU, and UK, with certification for our CLT-panel connectors expected from the Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik in 2025-26.

Key features

Seamless structural integration: each component is designed to self-align during installation, ensuring precise assembly while minimising errors and construction time.

Pre-installed MEP systems: plumbing, electrical, and insulation systems are integrated during fabrication, reducing the need for additional finishing work on-site.

Expedited approvals: standardised, pre-certified components streamline the inspection process, accelerating regulatory approvals and project timelines.

Why All3 technology matters

More than 100 in-house engineers have built All3’s vertically integrated approach, uniting AI, automation, robotics, software development and architectural expertise to redefine how buildings are designed and constructed.

By merging software intelligence with robotic precision, All3 is not just improving construction—we are eliminating inefficiencies, unlocking new design possibilities, and delivering high-quality buildings at an unprecedented speed and cost.

This is the future of construction: smarter, faster, and more sustainable.

Learn how All3 is transforming the construction industry with the latest in AI and robotics. Ask us about our tech